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Un Homme De L'entree Du Prince
Guillaume |
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This finely engraved
original print of a man from Prince William Sound,
Alaska - drawn during cooks 3 voyage - was
engraved by Robert Benard and was published in the French edition of Cooks voyages published in 1785.
The first printed
account of the first voyage under Cook's command was
surreptitiously edited
and printed by Thomas Becket only two months after the
expedition returned to England, it was published almost
two years before the official account by John Hawkesworth appeared. As described on the title page,
the book related "various occurrences of the voyage,
with descriptions of several new discovered countries in
the southern hemisphere." The work also provided much
information about the native inhabitants encountered on
the voyage, including "a concise vocabulary of the
language of Otahitee" [Tahiti]. The text was quickly
disseminated with a second English edition published in
Dublin as well as translations into German and French
the following year. French editions were printed in
1773, 1777, 1782, and 1793.
Cook's First Voyage
(1768-1771)
The first voyage under
Captain James Cook's command was primarily of a
scientific nature. The expedition on the Endeavour
initially sailed to Tahiti to observe the transit of the
planet Venus in order to calculate the earth's distance
from the sun. Cook landed on the South Pacific island in
April of 1769 and in June of that year the astronomical
observations were successfully completed. In addition to
these labors, very good relations with the Tahitians
were maintained and the naturalists Joseph Banks and
Daniel C. Solander conducted extensive ethnological and
botanical research.
Another purpose of the voyage was to explore the South
Seas to determine if an inhabitable continent existed in
the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. Upon
leaving Tahiti, Cook named and charted the Society
Islands and then continued southwest to New Zealand. His
circumnavigation and exploration of that country also
resulted in a detailed survey. Cook proceeded to
Australia, where he charted the eastern coast for 2,000
miles, naming the area New South Wales. As a result of
these surveys, both Australia and New Zealand were
annexed by Great Britain. In addition to these
explorations, the Endeavour returned to England
without a single death from scurvy among its men, an
historic feat at the time. The combination of these
accomplishments brought Cook prominence, promotion, and
the opportunity to lead further expeditions.
Cook's Second Voyage (1772-1775)
Based on the success of
his first voyage, Cook was appointed by the Admiralty to
lead a second expedition. Two ships were employed with
Cook commanding the Resolution and Captain Tobias
Furneaux in charge of the Adventure. The purpose
was to circumnavigate the globe as far south as possible
to confirm the location of a southern continent. Cook
proved that there was no "Terra Australis," which
supposedly was located between New Zealand and South
America. Cook was convinced, however, that there was
land beyond the southern ice fields. In his pursuit of
this idea, this expedition was the first European voyage
to cross the Antarctic Circle. In addition, in two great
sweeps through the Southern latitudes, Cook made an
incredible number of landfalls including New Zealand,
Easter Island, the Marquesas, Tahiti and the Society
Islands, the Tonga Islands, the New Hebrides, New
Caledonia, and a number of smaller islands.
In addition to these navigational accomplishments and
the accompanying expansion of geographical knowledge,
the expedition also recorded a vast amount of
information regarding the Pacific islands and peoples,
proved the value of the chronometer as an instrument for
calculating longitude, and improved techniques for
preventing scurvy.
Cook's Third Voyage (1776-1779)
In the course of his first
two voyages, Cook circumnavigated the globe twice,
sailed extensively into the Antarctic, and charted
coastlines from Newfoundland to New Zealand. Following
these achievements, Cook's third voyage was organized to
seek an efficient route from England to southern and
eastern Asia that would not entail rounding the Cape of
Good Hope. The search for such a Northwest (or
Northeast) Passage had been on the agenda of northern
European mariners and merchants since the beginning of
European expansion in the late fifteenth century.
England's growing economic and colonial interests in
India in the later eighteenth century provided the
stimulus for the latest exploration for this route.
Cook, again in command
of the Resolution, was to approach the Northwest
Passage from the Pacific accompanied by a second ship,
the Discovery, captained by Charles Clerke. The
ships left England separately, regrouped at Cape Town,
and continued on to Tasmania, New Zealand, and Tahiti.
The expedition then sailed north and made landfall at
Christmas Island and the Hawaiian Islands. Cook
continued northward and charted the west coast of North
America from Northern California as far as the Bering
Strait. He returned to Hawaii for the winter and was
killed in a skirmish with natives on February 14, 1779.
Upon Cook's death, Clerke took command of the expedition
but died six months later. The ships returned to England
in 1780 under John Gore, who had commanded the
Discovery after Cook's death. From start to finish,
the voyage had lasted more than four years.
(Ref Tooley; M&B; Clancy)
Please
note all items auctioned are genuine, we do not sell
reproductions. A
Certificate of Authenticity (COA) can be issued on
request.
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| Condition
Report |
Paper thickness and
quality: - Heavy and stable
Paper color: - off white
Age of map color: -
Colors used: -
General color appearance: -
Paper size: - 10in x 7 1/2in (255mm x 190mm)
Plate size: - 10in x 7 1/2in (255mm x 190mm)
Margins: - 1/8in (2mm)
Imperfections:
Margins: - Top right margin cropped to border, light age
toning
Plate area: - Light age toning
Verso: - Light age toning
Overall Quality (in Bold):
Perfect/Fine/Very Good/Good/Fair/Poor |
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James Cook (1728-1779) |
| James Cook
was born on 27 October 1728 in Marton, England. His father
was a poor farm labourer who had worked his way up to
Overseer. James began as a farm labourer and grocer's
assistant. He soon found employment on the Baltic sea in a
Collier (coal transport ship) at the age of 18.
During the war with the
French in 1755, James Cook enlisted as an Able Seaman on
the Eagle. Within a month he was promoted, because
of outstanding ability, to Master's Mate. Four years later
he was promoted to Master. In command of his own ship,
James Cook performed a crucial charting of the St.
Lawrence River, which made possible the great amphibious
assault upon Quebec City in 1759. In 1763 he was given
command of the schooner Grenville to survey the
eastern coasts of Canada over a four year period. These
excellent charts were used up until the early part of the
20th century.
James Cook was selected
to lead a 1768 expedition to observe the transit of Venus,
and to explore new lands in the Pacific Ocean. In his
first Pacific voyage, James Cook rounded Cape Horn in the
Endeavour and reached Tahiti on 3 June 1769. After
recovering a necessary scientific instrument stolen by the
natives, the transit of Venus was successfully observed.
The Endeavour then spent six months charting New
Zealand. James Cook next explored and claimed possession
of eastern Australia. Returning to England, on 12 June
1771, via New Guinea, Java and the Cape of Good Hope, the
crew suffered an appalling 43% fatality rate. James Cook
thus became very concerned about crew health on subsequent
voyages. He instituted compulsory dietary reforms that
were copied by many other ship captains.
The object of Captain
Cook's second Pacific Ocean voyage was to confirm the
existence of a theorized Great Southern Continent. His
ship the Resolution, accompanied by the
Adventure, departed Plymouth on 13 July 1772 and
sailed around the Cape of Good Hope. Beset by ice, he was
unable to reach Antarctica. Although its existence was
suspected, James Cook demonstrated, by traversing large
areas of the south Pacific, that it would have to be a
frigid wasteland, and not an economically productive
addition to the British empire. James Cook charted many of
the South Pacific islands with the incredible accuracy of
3 miles. This accuracy was made possible by a new and
highly accurate clock. The two ships returned to England,
via Cape Horn, on 29 July 1775. The experimental diets and
close attention to cleanliness had a miraculous effect:
out of a crew of 118, only one man was lost to disease!
Since public interest was high, the many paintings by the
artists were widely displayed and published as engravings.
James Cook was also awarded the Copley Gold Medal and
elected as a fellow of the Royal Society.
The third great voyage is
especially significant to the history of the west coast of
North America. Captain Cook and his men were primarily
searching for the Northwest Passage from the Pacific Ocean
to the Atlantic Ocean. They departed Plymouth on 12 July
1776 in the Resolution and the Discovery.
The ships sailed around the
Cape of Good Hope to reach the west coast of America in
February of 1778. They continued north along the coast in
haste to the Bering Sea and Bering Strait in an attempt to
pass through the Arctic Ocean during the summer season.
Foiled by ice, James Cook returned to Hawaii to prepare
for another attempt at the Northwest Passage the next
season. Soon after they had departed, a storm damaged the
foremast of the Resolution and forced a return to
Kealakekua Bay for repairs. Unfortunately, they had
previously overstayed their welcome and relations became
tense. The theft of a ship's cutter led Captain Cook to
put ashore to demand the return of the boat. A fight broke
out and James Cook was killed on 14 Feb 1779 by angry
natives. Although his men made another attempt at the
Northwest Passage, they were unsuccessful. The expedition
did identify the possibilities of trade with the coastal
American natives for otter seal furs, which could then be
bartered for Chinese goods that were highly prized in
England |
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Classical
Images was founded 1998 and has built an excellent
reputation for supplying high quality original
antiquarian works on paper at affordable prices. We
carry an extensive inventory of antiquarian collectibles
from the 15th to 19th century, a period that produced
achievements by some of historys finest explorers,
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Classical
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