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Cantonment Stevens, Looking
Westward |
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click
image to enlarge
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This original antique
Lithograph print depicting one of the earliest views of
the settlement Cantonment Stevens, Willow Creek,
northwest of Corvallis. Montana -
by the United States Pacific Rail Road
Expedition Survey (USPRR)
northern survey - between 1853-565,
was published by
Sarony, Major & Knapp, New York in 1855.
Pacific Railroad Surveys (1853-1855). By the
middle of the 19th century, the United States spanned
the entire width of the North American continent from
Atlantic to Pacific, but the only ways to get from one
coast to the other were by ship or by arduous horse or
wagon travel through deserts and mountains. The
discovery of gold in California further stimulated
westward traffic and only heightened the need for a
faster and more convenient way to bring the far-flung
parts of the country together.
In 1853 Congress commissioned the Army's Topographic
Bureau to conduct a series of surveys to find a suitable
route for a transcontinental railroad. There were six
major expeditions; five of them covered the area between
the Great Plains and California, Oregon, and Washington,
and the sixth explored the coastal states of California
and Oregon. All of these expeditions were accompanied by
naturalists and were provided, through the Smithsonian,
with equipment and instructions for collecting.
The northern survey, commanded by Isaac I. Stevens,
governor of Washington Territory, explored roughly along
the 47th parallel between St. Paul, MN and Puget Sound
on the Pacific coast. J.G. Cooper, G. Gibbs, and George
Suckley served as naturalists.
Another expedition, under the command of Capt. J. W.
Gunnison, surveyed a central route along the 38th, 39th,
and 41st parallels, through what is now Kansas,
Colorado, Utah, and Nevada. On 26 October 1853, Gunnison
and a party of his men, including the botanist F.
Kreutzfeldt, were killed in a skirmish with Indians. Lt.
E. G. Beckwith took over command and completed the
expedition.
The third expedition, under the command of Lt. A. W.
Whipple, followed the 35th parallel from Fort Smith, AR
to the Mojave Desert in southern California. Naturalists
included J.M. Bigelow, J. Marcou, and Caleb Kennerly.
The southern route followed the 32nd parallel and was
covered by two expeditions: one under J. Pope went from
the Red River to the Rio Grande, and the other, under
Lt. J. G. Parke, worked between the Rio Grande and the
Colorado River. Although the Pope expedition had no one
formally assigned as a naturalist, collections were made
by expedition personnel. Parke's expedition was
accompanied by the naturalist A.L. Heerman, who later
assisted R.S. Williamson, whose party explored a
connecting route between 35th and 32nd parallels.
Another expedition under the command of R.S. Williamson
and H.L. Abbott surveyed the area between the Sacramento
Valley in California and the Columbia River, Oregon.
Natural history collections were made by John S.
Newberry and William P. Trowbridge. The route that was
finally selected for the railroad largely followed the
38th parallel, but the decision was mainly political.
From a scientific viewpoint, the Railroad expeditions
were a monumental accomplishment. Not only had the new
western territories been explored and mapped, but the
geology and biology were sampled more extensively than
by previous expeditions. The success was due largely to
the Smithsonian and Spencer Baird, which had supplied
the equipment and instructions used by the collectors,
and which had received the material when the expeditions
returned from the field. These specimens formed a major
part of the Smithsonian's growing collections and formed
the basis for the description of many new species. In
terms of ichthyological collections, Stevens's
Expedition, with Drs. J.G.Cooper and George Suckley as
surgeons and naturalists; Whipple's expedition, with
Caleb Kennerly as physician and naturalist; and
Williamson's Expedition, with Dr. A.L. Heerman as
physician and naturalist, were particularly noteworthy.
Reports on fishes collected during the Pacific Railroad
Surveys, written mainly by Charles Girard, are found
mostly in volume 10 of Reports of Explorations and
Surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and
economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi
River to the Pacific Ocean, issued in 12 volumes by
the War Department (1855-1860). (Ref:
M&B; Tooley)
Please note
all items auctioned are genuine, we do not sell
reproductions. A
Certificate of Authenticity (COA) can be issued on
request. |
| Condition
Report |
General Description:
Paper thickness and quality: - Heavy & stable
Paper color: - White
Age of map color: - Original
Colors used: - Red, green, blue,
brown
General color appearance: - Authentic
Paper size: - 11in x
9in (280mm x
230mm)
Margins: - Min 1/2in (12mm)
Imperfections:
Margins: - Light foxing in bottom margin
Plate area: - None
Verso: -
None
Overall Quality (in Bold):
Perfect/Fine/Very Good/Good/Fair/Poor |
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Methods |
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& shipping address in two separate emails or alternatively
you can fax or phone to the numbers below.)
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| Shipping |
Worldwide
Australia |
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Mail |
Courier1 |
Courier2* |
Express |
Insurance |
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$30.00
US |
$12.00 US
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2.75%
min $6.00 US |
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$6.00
US |
2.75%
min $4.00 US |
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*Courier #2: Available for all items 11in x 8
1/2in (280mm x 215mm) or smaller flat or folded along
original folds.
Airmail shipping from Australia to Europe or the US
takes approx. 5-7 days. EMS courier will take 3-5
days.
There
will be only one shipping charge per 10 maps or prints
purchased. We can hold items to combine shipments.
Please note, as an added measure of security
all purchases over $500US will now be automatically
sent by courier |
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Classical
Images was founded 1998 and has built an excellent
reputation for supplying high quality original
antiquarian works on paper at affordable prices. We
carry an extensive inventory of antiquarian collectibles
from the 15th to 19th century, a period that produced
achievements by some of history’s finest explorers,
scientists and artists.
Classical
Images adheres to the Codes of Ethics outlined by the
Antiquarian Booksellers Association of America (ABAA) .
We are enthusiastic collectors ourselves of Antiquarian
treasures and are happy to share our knowledge, discuss
issues and provide information and assistance, both in
general and about items we offer for sale.
All
items sold by Classical Images are genuine and a
Certificate of Authenticity (COA) will be happily
supplied on request.
Thank you
Simon & Andrea Mayers
Classical
Images
61-3-9497 2845 Tel
61-3-94972895 Fax
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purchasing online does not give the opportunity to examine
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